DSpace Collection:http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/37292024-03-28T15:54:56Z2024-03-28T15:54:56ZDISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER-CONSTRAINTS AND OPTIMIZATION PERSPECTIVES IN ALGERIAACHOUR SCHABBIFhttp://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/37422019-05-06T09:01:26Z2013-09-05T00:00:00ZTitre: DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER-CONSTRAINTS AND OPTIMIZATION PERSPECTIVES IN ALGERIA
Auteur(s): ACHOUR S; CHABBIF
Résumé: Drinking water is disinfected to inactivate waterborne pathogens. The most
common form of disinfection is chlorination, although ozone and UV light are
also used in some plants of the world. Disinfection equipment depends on the
type of disinfectant used. In developing countries, the water disinfection
problem is large and complex. There are a number of appropriate methods but
chlorine continues to be one of the most popular options. In Algeria, it is the
only method of disinfection used. Chlorine is a very effective disinfectant, it is
relatively easy to handle, the capital costs of chlorine installation are low, simple
to dose, measure and control and it has a relatively good residual effect.
Chlorination efficiency depends on chlorine residual, contact time, type of
chemical used, location in the treatment process, and on characteristics of the
water being treated. The chlorine demand involves the reaction of chlorine with
compounds in water, reducing the amount of chlorine available to kill
microorganisms. Chlorination of humic substances in drinking water is known
to produce mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes.
Because of their chemical quality, Algerian waters could lead to complex and
competitive reactions during chlorination step. The widespread detection of
chloroform and other organohalogenated compounds contamination in the water
reservoirs appear to be largely a consequence of the use of chlorination for the
disinfection of drinking water. Those documented as probable human
carcinogens and mutagens have been detected in large amounts and have been
considered as the major component of DBPs. Taking into account above drawn
conclusions, greater efforts are needed to evaluate and set priorities for drinking
water disinfection in Algeria. The challenge is to maintain the level of microbial
protection while minimizing the exposure of the consumers to DBPs. If disinfection by chlorination is maintained, the best way to reduce THM
generation is to reduce the concentration of precursors through various water
treatment techniques prior to chlorination.2013-09-05T00:00:00ZETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE L’EFFET DE LA RUGOSITE SUR LA HAUTEUR RELATIVE AVAL DU RESSAUT HYDRAULIQUE EVOLUANT DANS UN CANAL PROFILE EN U A FOND RUGUEUXGHOMRI ADEBABECHE MRIGUETFhttp://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/37412019-05-06T09:32:09Z2013-09-05T00:00:00ZTitre: ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE L’EFFET DE LA RUGOSITE SUR LA HAUTEUR RELATIVE AVAL DU RESSAUT HYDRAULIQUE EVOLUANT DANS UN CANAL PROFILE EN U A FOND RUGUEUX
Auteur(s): GHOMRI A; DEBABECHE M; RIGUETF
Résumé: The study aims to analyze experimentally the hydraulic jump evolving in a
U-shaped channel with a rough bottom. The principal goal of the study is to
findout a general relationship connecting the relative downstream height and the
channel bottom roughness. This study will show also that the channel roughness
contributes in the decrease of the downstream height of the jump.2013-09-05T00:00:00ZLE ROLE DE LA VASE DANS L’ACCELERATION DE L’EUTROPHISATION DES EAUX DE BARRAGES. ETUDE EXPERIMENTALEBENSAFIA DREMINI Bhttp://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/37402019-05-06T09:27:19Z2013-09-05T00:00:00ZTitre: LE ROLE DE LA VASE DANS L’ACCELERATION DE L’EUTROPHISATION DES EAUX DE BARRAGES. ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE
Auteur(s): BENSAFIA D; REMINI B
Résumé: The eutrophication of water of dams is the consequence of an excessive wealth
of nutritive elements in particular phosphorus and the nitrogen, thus causing an
anarchistic development of the algae. It results a deterioration from the quality
of the water which rough which affects its uses of which in particular that of the
production of drinking water. Can the presence of the mud especially have an
effect in accelerating eutrophication of water dams’ when it is known that the
silting is considerable in the North Africa area? To answer this interrogation, we
proceeded to a series of experiments consisting with the installation of five vats
of 12 liters each one filled with water of tap and into which we introduced muds
of two dams of different qualities. The evolution of the physical parameters
(temperature, pH, turbidity) and chemical (phosphate, total nitrogen and
silicate) was surveyed during 5 months.
The results show that sediments serve as a vehicle for nutrients that cause the
deposition of organic matter resulting from the degradation of plant and animal
species of the aquatic environment, causing a change in pH, depletion of the
medium silicates, an increase of evaporation, nitrogen and phosphorus are also
included in the composition of the living cell. The temperature is very important
because the appearance of algae was observed at a temperature of 20 °C.2013-09-05T00:00:00ZDEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF GPS AUSCULTATION NETWORK BASED ON GENERALIZED REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK (GRNN)GOURINE Bhttp://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/37392019-05-06T11:22:01Z2013-09-05T00:00:00ZTitre: DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF GPS AUSCULTATION NETWORK BASED ON GENERALIZED REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK (GRNN)
Auteur(s): GOURINE B
Résumé: The present paper deals with the use of neural networks in the displacement and
deformation fields modelling and analysis. The Generalized Regression Neural
Network (GRNN) has proved its efficiency and reliability than the classical
methods in the approximation of the displacement function. Based on the strain
tensors, the deformation of GPS network is evaluated and represented according
to a regular grid. In order to analyse this deformation, the concepts of
deformability and deformation reliability are introduced, where the Monte Carlo
method is employed to compute the significance degrees of the resulting
tensors. At each stage of deformation field process, the GRNN neural network
is used to perform an optimum interpolation of displacement field. The
application concerns the GPS auscultation network of the Liquefied Natural Gas
(LNG) underground tank of GL4/Z industrial complex (Arzew, Algeria).
Composed of 119 points surrounding the LNG tank, the GPS network was
observed between 2000 and 2006. The data concern the horizontal and vertical
displacements of the network points according to local geodetic coordinates (E,
N, U). The results show the performance of the adopted neural networks method
in the generating and analysis of displacement and deformation fields. The most
deformations measured are significant and at the deformability level. They
support the physical interpretation by the presence of a rocky area at the WS
side (landward) of the LNG tank which leads to compression and swelling, and
the role of sea which acts as a warmer of freezing front causing important
dilatations at the NE side (seaward).2013-09-05T00:00:00Z