http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3729 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 19:09:08 GMT 2026-04-05T19:09:08Z http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3742 Titre: DISINFECTION OF DRINKING WATER-CONSTRAINTS AND OPTIMIZATION PERSPECTIVES IN ALGERIA Auteur(s): ACHOUR S; CHABBIF Résumé: Drinking water is disinfected to inactivate waterborne pathogens. The most common form of disinfection is chlorination, although ozone and UV light are also used in some plants of the world. Disinfection equipment depends on the type of disinfectant used. In developing countries, the water disinfection problem is large and complex. There are a number of appropriate methods but chlorine continues to be one of the most popular options. In Algeria, it is the only method of disinfection used. Chlorine is a very effective disinfectant, it is relatively easy to handle, the capital costs of chlorine installation are low, simple to dose, measure and control and it has a relatively good residual effect. Chlorination efficiency depends on chlorine residual, contact time, type of chemical used, location in the treatment process, and on characteristics of the water being treated. The chlorine demand involves the reaction of chlorine with compounds in water, reducing the amount of chlorine available to kill microorganisms. Chlorination of humic substances in drinking water is known to produce mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds such as trihalomethanes. Because of their chemical quality, Algerian waters could lead to complex and competitive reactions during chlorination step. The widespread detection of chloroform and other organohalogenated compounds contamination in the water reservoirs appear to be largely a consequence of the use of chlorination for the disinfection of drinking water. Those documented as probable human carcinogens and mutagens have been detected in large amounts and have been considered as the major component of DBPs. Taking into account above drawn conclusions, greater efforts are needed to evaluate and set priorities for drinking water disinfection in Algeria. The challenge is to maintain the level of microbial protection while minimizing the exposure of the consumers to DBPs. If disinfection by chlorination is maintained, the best way to reduce THM generation is to reduce the concentration of precursors through various water treatment techniques prior to chlorination. Thu, 05 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3742 2013-09-05T00:00:00Z http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3741 Titre: ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE L’EFFET DE LA RUGOSITE SUR LA HAUTEUR RELATIVE AVAL DU RESSAUT HYDRAULIQUE EVOLUANT DANS UN CANAL PROFILE EN U A FOND RUGUEUX Auteur(s): GHOMRI A; DEBABECHE M; RIGUETF Résumé: The study aims to analyze experimentally the hydraulic jump evolving in a U-shaped channel with a rough bottom. The principal goal of the study is to findout a general relationship connecting the relative downstream height and the channel bottom roughness. This study will show also that the channel roughness contributes in the decrease of the downstream height of the jump. Thu, 05 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3741 2013-09-05T00:00:00Z http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3740 Titre: LE ROLE DE LA VASE DANS L’ACCELERATION DE L’EUTROPHISATION DES EAUX DE BARRAGES. ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE Auteur(s): BENSAFIA D; REMINI B Résumé: The eutrophication of water of dams is the consequence of an excessive wealth of nutritive elements in particular phosphorus and the nitrogen, thus causing an anarchistic development of the algae. It results a deterioration from the quality of the water which rough which affects its uses of which in particular that of the production of drinking water. Can the presence of the mud especially have an effect in accelerating eutrophication of water dams’ when it is known that the silting is considerable in the North Africa area? To answer this interrogation, we proceeded to a series of experiments consisting with the installation of five vats of 12 liters each one filled with water of tap and into which we introduced muds of two dams of different qualities. The evolution of the physical parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity) and chemical (phosphate, total nitrogen and silicate) was surveyed during 5 months. The results show that sediments serve as a vehicle for nutrients that cause the deposition of organic matter resulting from the degradation of plant and animal species of the aquatic environment, causing a change in pH, depletion of the medium silicates, an increase of evaporation, nitrogen and phosphorus are also included in the composition of the living cell. The temperature is very important because the appearance of algae was observed at a temperature of 20 °C. Thu, 05 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3740 2013-09-05T00:00:00Z http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3739 Titre: DEFORMATION ANALYSIS OF GPS AUSCULTATION NETWORK BASED ON GENERALIZED REGRESSION NEURAL NETWORK (GRNN) Auteur(s): GOURINE B Résumé: The present paper deals with the use of neural networks in the displacement and deformation fields modelling and analysis. The Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) has proved its efficiency and reliability than the classical methods in the approximation of the displacement function. Based on the strain tensors, the deformation of GPS network is evaluated and represented according to a regular grid. In order to analyse this deformation, the concepts of deformability and deformation reliability are introduced, where the Monte Carlo method is employed to compute the significance degrees of the resulting tensors. At each stage of deformation field process, the GRNN neural network is used to perform an optimum interpolation of displacement field. The application concerns the GPS auscultation network of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) underground tank of GL4/Z industrial complex (Arzew, Algeria). Composed of 119 points surrounding the LNG tank, the GPS network was observed between 2000 and 2006. The data concern the horizontal and vertical displacements of the network points according to local geodetic coordinates (E, N, U). The results show the performance of the adopted neural networks method in the generating and analysis of displacement and deformation fields. The most deformations measured are significant and at the deformability level. They support the physical interpretation by the presence of a rocky area at the WS side (landward) of the LNG tank which leads to compression and swelling, and the role of sea which acts as a warmer of freezing front causing important dilatations at the NE side (seaward). Thu, 05 Sep 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://archives.univ-biskra.dz/handle/123456789/3739 2013-09-05T00:00:00Z