التحكيم في العقود الإدارية الدولية

Abstract

ﻋﺭﻑ التحكيم ﻤﻨﺫ القديم ﺇﻻ ﺃﻨﻪ ﺃﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻅﺎﻫﺭالعصر بالنظر ﻷﻫﻤﻴﺘﻪ الكبيرة ﻻﺴﻴﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ المعاملات التجارية ، ﻓﺎﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ العملية ﺘﺩﻋﻭ ﺩﺍﺌﻤﺎ للإتفاق ﻋﻠﻰ التحكيم ﻭﻁﺭﺡ المنازعات التي ﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﻤﺤل ﺜﻘﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻁﺭﺍﻑ المتنازعة ﻋﻭﻀﺎ ﻋﻥ ﻁﺭﺤﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ المحاكم المختصة ﺒﻬﺩﻑ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺨﺒﺭﺘﻬﻡ الفنية ، وكذلك ﺘﺠﻨﺏ ﻋﻼﻨﻴﺔ الجلسات المكرسة ﻤﻥ ﻗﺒل القضاء ﻭﻜﺫﺍ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻓﻲ الوقت و الجهد و النفقات .

ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅل ﺍلإنفتاح ﺍإقتصادي ﺍﻨﺘﺸﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ التحكيم ﻭﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﺒﻪ غالبية النظم القانونية العقود ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ و التي ﺘﻜﻭﻥ الدولة ﺃﻭ ﺃﺤﺩ ﺃﺸﺨﺎﺹ القانون العالم ﻁﺭﻓﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ، ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺭﻥ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ التحكيم ﻭﺍﺘﺴﺎﻉ ﺁﻓﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﻲ العقود ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ الطابع الدولي ﺒﻨﻤﻭ العلاقات ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻴﺔ الدولية ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻷﺸﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺠﺎﻨﺏ و الدولة ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺠﺯﺕ الدول التي ﺘﻘﺘﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺩﺨﺎﺭ الوطني ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﺌﺩﺍﺕ ﺜﺭﻭﺍﺘﻬﺎ الطبيعية ﻋﻥ الوفاء بالحاجة ﺍلمتزايدة لرؤوس ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺍل التي ﺘﺴﺘﻠﺯﻤﻬﺎ ﺨﻁﻁﻬﺎ التنموية .

Arbitration has always been known since ancient times, but it is now an aspect of the age because of its great importance, particularly in commercial transactions. Practical considerations always call for arbitration and disputes that arise on trustworthy persons from the parties to the dispute rather than in the competent courts in order to benefit from their expertise. Publicity of sessions devoted by the judiciary as well as economy in time, effort and expenditure

In light of the economic openness, the arbitration system has become widespread and the majority of legal systems have adopted administrative contracts, to which the State or one of the world's legal entities is a party. The flourishing of arbitration and its widening horizons in administrative contracts of an international character were accompanied by the growth of international economic relations between foreign persons and the state, Which are limited to their national savings and the returns of their natural resources to meet the increasing need for capital required by their development plans