Etude morphologique des feuilles et des fruits du pistachier de l'atlas (Pistacia atlantica Desf. ) et valorisation des huiles essentielles des feuilles et de l'oléorésine

Abstract

The steppic region of southeastern Algeria is rich in endemic trees that are little studied. The native of the Atlas pistachio tree in the region of Ouled Djellel (Biskra) was not mentioned in literature. Biometric measurements of leaves and fruits from the three provenances: Ouled Djellel (Biskra) Ain Oussara and Messaad (Djelfa), were realized and compared. The results show significant differences between distinguish varieties this may be due to climatic factors. Essential oils of the leaves and the oleoresin from Ouled Djellel were extracted and analyzed then their antimicrobial activity was tested on five bacterial stems of clinical origin (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a yeast stem (Candida albicans). The oleoresin has provided an essential oil yield of 25% and rich on -pinèn, leaves have presented a yield of 0,24% when the terpinèn-4-ol was in high percentage, both essential oils were characterized of an antimicrobial effect on the most microbial stems.