قصور متطلبات بناء الدولة في إفريقيا و إنعكاساتها على الأمن و الاستقرار فيها

Abstract

The African state has the weakest infrastructure in the world; it is on the top of failed states in the world. This situation has caused a deficiency in building state in this continent. There were several conceptions and approaches which explained the State in the international relations since Westphalia Treaty to nowadays. But, Africa lacks a long and continuous experience to build a theory of State formation to fit suitably its social and political realities, especially; because the state in this continent was exposed to three dimensional threats: the Colonial heritage (dependence, underdevelopment), the authoritative regimes (dictatorships, corruption, the inability of functional institutions of the state) and the new security threats (terrorism, immigration, poverty, diseases, conflicts, civil wars, the organized crimes). Thus, all these issues have brought some states in the African continent to collapse, while some others have been plagued by the political and economic failure. This inadequate situation led to the failure of all the institutions of governance in Africa. The key reason beyond the collapse of Somali state; is that the state became a source of insecurity and it lost all its legitimacy. Somalia, the failed state; is a perfect example of the humanitarian, economic and political consequences of state collapse. Above all, Somalia's governance vacuum makes the African Horn country a comfortable home for terrorist groups looking for a refuge or a logistical staging area. Today, the international and regional efforts supporting peace and stability in Somalia will help to reduce the effects of the humanitarian problems. But, the solution of the Somali crisis remains by Somalis' hands; because the state can be only built by its people.