LES AMBIANCES THERMIQUES D¶ETE DANS L¶HABITAT DE LA PERIODE COLONIALE A PATIO -Cas d¶étude : maisons à patio (Jijel)-

Abstract

The word climate or microclimate is inevitably inclusive of certain environmental factors such as: wind, temperature of the air, precipitations and others. In his will to optimize his comfort, the man of today as that of yesterday unceasingly tries to better understand the behavior of these factors. To control environments requires a good comprehension of the interaction between the environment and the user. With this intention, the environment of a space must be thought like the triad (form, structure, functionality). In this direction, the concepts very in bioclimatic vogue of architecture or solar architecture illustrate one cannot best the utility to know to combine these parameters. The adaptation of architecture to each climate gives clever answers in any place through the introduction of a perfect symbiosis between the environment and the building. To build with the climate, requires the use of the passive strategies for the modification of the interior climate by supporting the comfortable environments and that gets a better thermal comfort. In Mediterranean climate, estival thermal comfort rests on the strategy of the cold where the combined effect of the temperature and the moisture (which is very high) represent the source of discomfort during this period. In this case a good design is all the more important with architectural tools of design which are able to restore the notion of comfort in inhabited space. The patio which was besides a reference of very first order for the great architects, it is also one of the bioclimatic strategies to attenuate the external climatic fluctuations, it is the principal intermediary between the interior and outside, he thus plays the part of a thermal regulator of interior environment in quite precise context, and that following two principal parameters which are the extrinsic and intrinsic factors relative to this architectural device, among these parameters one finds: geometry, the physical aspect (primarily: the vegetation and water) the orientation, the internal contributions« thermal comfort can be assured by a better compromise between all these factors.