التنظيمات العثمانية في بلاد الشام على عهد الاسلطان عبد الحميد الثاني1876-1908

Abstract

Sultan Abdel hamid the second is considered as one of the most important sultans of the Ottman empire . His rulling era was characterized by a set of reforms in several domains , economic, military, political, and cultural, in order to develop and increase the Ottman empire especially that it was collapsing , where the sultan abdel hamid has developed the country with many achievements and organisations and trying to get close to the Islamic states to benefit from them with adhere to the Islamic civilization. He also worked with everything he had to spread knowledge and science and spread Islam. He also cared greatly about the Levant, and he made a number of organizations, whether from the political or cultural side, to modify and develop the Levant, which is characterized by an important geographical location. Therefore, Sultan Abdul Hamid took special care of her.