المجاالت الخضراء وتأثيرها الحراري على المناخ المصغر للمناطق السكنية حالة الدراسة: السكنات الجماعية في مدينة بسكرة

Abstract

The relationship between the green areas and the field occupied by humans has been the focus of numerous and intensive studies since the end of the last century, when researchers concluded many positive points and the important roles of the green field in human life on several levels, such as the aesthetic, visual, symbolic, acoustic, social and climatic aspects. On the urban level, green spaces have many roles, which the researchers classified as: the environmental role, the economic role, the social role and the climatic role. The latter is the focus of our study. Where was the general objective of this work, which is to evaluate the climate modification resulting from the thermal performance of green areas in urban outdoor spaces in hot climates, and this is by going through its main objectives: the first was to evaluate the capabilities of the green field to modify the climate in open urban spaces, and the second was to assess the extent of its impact on the level of sensation External thermal comfort, and the third is access to recommendations and rules regarding how the plant element should be present in residential areas, which may contribute to the future urban design of external areas. In order to reach these goals, we relied in this study on two methods, the first is investigative, which is illustrated in the questioning of users of study samples during the hot period of 2018, in the city of Biskra, in order to reach the tangible thermal comfort range, which is expressed by (ATSV); By determining the range of temperature, relative humidity and air velocity (T, RH, V), as is the case for collecting the largest number of respondents to study their thermal behavior in each sample, and using their data (gender, weight, age, height, type of clothing, physical activity) as inputs For calculating the thermal comfort indices (PET) and (PMV); And compare it with (ATSV). The second method is simulation using the (ENVI-met) model, where in each sample we propose several scenarios related to how to design the vegetation cover of the sample, in order to achieve the research hypotheses, based on two strategies in the bioclimatic design of green fields, namely the cooling strategy by shading, which is represented in the compositions flat vegetation and the evaporative-transpiration cooling strategy represented in the mass vegetation structures. One of them is the conclusion of the thermal comfort index in the scenario that achieves a range of thermal comfort, or close to it.