Aspects de la fiabilisation des systèmes de distribution d’eau potable à faible niveau de comptage et de disponibilité de données. Analyse du patrimoine d’une agglomération algérienne.

Abstract

Water is an integral part of nature. It has an irregular distribution in space and time due to the climate that it helps define in return. Water is not always there when you want it to be. Although natural water is originally healthy and wholesome and within reach of human use, it is often the subject of multiple aggressions, mainly from different activities carried out by humans themselves. According to experts and scientists in the sector, fresh water in several regions of the world is threatened by global warming. The water situation in Algeria, already affected by stress, is being weakened by additional tensions of freshwater scarcity. Indeed, our country is among the poorest countries in terms of water potential. The availability of water is below the theoretical scarcity threshold set by the World Bank at 1 000 m3 per capita per year, this water stress situation is aggravated by poor management practices of the water distribution systems leading to their malfunction which results in a decrease in their performance level and the loss of large quantities of water. The management of a drinking water system is a long-term strategy that preserves its physical and functional condition throughout its life cycle with the aim of ensuring the required level of performance with a minimum of risk, all in an acceptable economic context. The notion of risk in managing drinking water assets is not doing enough or improving inappropriately in space and/or time. Priorities are defined according to environmental, technical, financial and functional criteria. The volumes and loss rates in the networks studied are abnormally high, which requires additional investigations to quantify, locate and eradicate leaks. In addition, it is therefore essential to generalize the use of meters. The concern state of these networks obliges the operator to reduce loss rates by improving the performance level of these systems through recommendations listed in the conclusion.