Mécanisation des semis du quinoa, essai 1.1.1.1.1 d’adaptation d’un semoir conventionnel

Abstract

In order to intensify quinoa cultivation, it is essential to study the different cultivation practices adopted, the phenological behaviour and the production potential of this crop in different agro-ecological zones in Algeria. With this in mind, a two-pronged study was initiated. On the one hand, a survey was carried out among farmers with experience or who had taken part in trials of quinoa cultivation in the Biskra and Oued Souf regions. Quinoa cultivation trials were also carried out in 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, in the Biskra region, more specifically at the ITDAS experimental annex in Félieche. The aim was to study the impact of mechanised sowing on quinoa productivity and yield quality, compared with manual methods (in-line, in-pot and broadcast). A factorial block design with three varieties and three replications was set up. Phenological, morphological and yield component measurements were carried out. The main results indicate that the majority of farmers have little experience of growing quinoa, and that most of the trials were carried out on small areas. The Q102 variety is the most tested, and soil preparation is generally limited to ploughing, incorporating manure and preparing the seedbed. Most farmers resort to manual sowing in September, although harvesting begins around April. Yields have ranged from 5 to 35 qx/ha. Furthermore, the results of the experimental study show that the varieties tested responded significantly to manual and mechanical sowing methods, with different sowing rates. Indeed, the variety Giza II showed a capacity to produce large quantities (NP/m2, NPP, GYP, TGY, TGW and HI). However, the Q105 variety showed good agronomic (PH, MPL, DW and MPW) and nutritional (PC) performances. The use of mechanisation in sowing with adjusted doses led to a significant increase in most of the parameters studied, particularly PH, NPP, MPL, DW, MPW and GYP. The results of the interaction showed that the choice of the optimal sowing method depends strongly on the variety used.