العناصر الإستعارية ودورها في تناسق النص الشعر ي - ديوان لا تعتذر عما فعلت لشاعر" محمود درويش" أنموذجا

Abstract

The conceptual theory that the cognitive linguist "George Lakoff" 1991 AD and the philosopher "Mark Johnson" 1494 AD came up with in the field of metaphor through their book "Metaphors We Live By", which he published in 1991 AD, through which they sought to provide an explanation and explanation for the new and different approach that unanimously agreed. It is followed by those who preceded him in the rhetorical lesson of ancient thinkers and rhetoricians, through which it becomes clear that this view is of recent origin and is still under study at the hands of researchers and scholars in this field. In the field of metaphor, among its pioneers are George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, whom we have already mentioned, and they are the authors of the theory that we are about to study, which is based on the fact that metaphor is one of the most important components of the human mental architecture. Lakoff and Johnson" Through the Contemporary View: - It is no longer a decorative linguistic issue, but rather an intellectual and cognitive issue, or the cognitive dimension constitutes one of its essential dimensions. Metaphor is a systemic conceptual affair. -The modern division of the metaphor, which was manifested in three sections: directional metaphors are limited to the direction such as: above and below, structural metaphors appear through the structure of a conceptual system in terms of another conceptual system such as: argumentation is war, ontological metaphors lie in the entity and matter such as: time is money,and we get rid of These three sections, which indicate that metaphor is not a property of literature, but rather a property of daily life, but in a literary language .