،دور أهل الذمة في المغرب الاوسط خلال الحكم الزياني من ق7ه-9ه

Abstract

The Islamic state of Tlemcen knew an important presence for the dhimmis, Jews and Christians, as they constituted an effective element in the history of the region, and this is due to the principles of Islamic law and the state sultans that allowed them to live in its cities. The dhimmis participated in all aspects of life, whether political, military, economic and social. Through what we presented in the content Our memorandum proved that the people of the dhimmis are the covenanters whom Islam gave them the right to freely practice their religious rites in return for the restriction of paying the tribute and performing their duties, when they have rights with the authority. This is what was confirmed by some scholars of the Zayani state. In the region, this is what we found in the history books. Their influence is due to the care they received, while they disapproved of being used in some political and diplomatic positions as ambassadors between the Christian kingdoms and neighboring countries. They had military experience during the unified and Almoravid era. As for the economic field, the Christians were mostly the group that was interested in agriculture alongside the Muslims, unlike the Jews who excelled in industries, crafts and trade, which formed the main support for Bani Abd al-Wad at that time, and this is due to the wealth of the Jews and their experience in the field Marketing, they established commercial centers for import and export and control over the ports, and the people of the dhimmis were keen to engage in all commercial activity that would bring them profits. On their customs and traditions inherited from their ancestors and despite their integration into Zayani society, they were not affected and remained steadfast in their Jewish and Christian origins.