التحديات الجيوسياسية لسياسة الجوار الأوروبية في ظل نظام دولي متعدد الأقطاب

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the European Neighborhood Policy, as a new framework for the European common foreign policy, following the various international and European geostrategic changes of the post-Cold War era, in a way that expresses the need for the European Union to develop a space of stability and prosperity along its external borders, starting with the areas of the European close neighbourhood. The study starts from a main problem that is summarized in the following question: How does the European Neighborhood Policy contribute to building the European Union as a geopolitical actor in light of the shift in the international pattern towards multipolarity? The study aims to dismantle the paradoxical paradox that exists between the concept of the European Neighborhood Policy as a soft and normative concept, and the geopolitical concept with a hard expansionist orientation on the other hand, and how to translate this synthesis in analyzing the role and weight of the European Union as a functional bloc, in front of determinants and transformations the international system towards multipolarity. To verify this, the study started from the analysis of the practical and technical aspects of the European Neighborhood Policy, and then moved, with a deductive methodology, to dismantling the geopolitical orientations of the three European Neighborhood Policy regions, represented in Eastern Europe, the Southern Caucasus and the Southern Mediterranean, to end the study according to an inductive methodology, in An attempt to analyze the role of the European Union as a functional bloc in the process of multipolar international interaction. As a preliminary result, and in an attempt to answer the main problem of the study, it was reached at an initial stage to construct the aforementioned paradox, by highlighting the concept of Deeping , as a soft synonym for the concept of enlargement found in the traditional geopolitical studies, and then on a second level, By highlighting the importance of the European Union as a pole within the pluralistic international system, but the degree of its effectiveness remains relative compared to the degrees of influence of other powers that shape the nature of this pattern, despite the fact that the European continent and all its direct geographical extensions remain the heart of the international interactions.