La composition urbaine et la gestion durable de l’eau « cas d’étude M’sila »

Abstract

In fact, our study is part of the theme of water in the city. Thus, the urban structure composition is a design model for an urban project that requires tools as well as the collaboration of many actors and knowledge, including that of the water sector. In our research, we will focus on two relevant elements for urban composition and sustainable water management, nothing more appropriate than green spaces and water best suited to this relationship. Water and green spaces have an existential, and sometimes conflicting, relationship with urban sprawl, particularly in areas with arid climates, such as our case study of the city of M'sila. Both are important elements of the urban and landscape composition of the city which provide psychological, health, and environmental comfort without forgetting their participation in the social and economic activity of the population. By green space, we mean; the garden area and farms located on the outskirts of the city and along the banks of the Oued K'sob. This Oued which crosses the city of M'sila appears as its most important cradle and structuring axis. The irrigation of these green spaces depends mainly on water from the K'sob dam located north of the city, upstream of Oued K'sob. Unfortunately, these green spaces are in a state of continuous deterioration for reasons related to the climate, but also the management methods of the dam and the irrigation water which are far from the principles of sustainable management. The erosion of these spaces of green led them to become a useless inventory, and with the socio-economic transformations of the city of M'sila, especially after 1974, when it became the capital of the wilaya, and the decline of the role of agriculture and transformation of most owners towards other professions provided by the new situation of the city, which made it a pole of polarization accompanied by a significant demographic deficit in housing. All this contributed to the creation of informal lucrative land speculation, which transformed most wastelands into illicit urbanization. More serious than that, even planning and urban planning tools have greatly contributed to the decline of green spaces. The available data and the technology used allowed us to include the period from 2017 to 2021. Very marked spatial transformations from the degradation of green spaces to the benefit of urban sprawl. Our research has as main objective is to rehabilitate the garden area and the "traditional and colonial" irrigation system as well as the Oued K'sob "of the city of M'sila, of what they present of heritage, ecological, and landscape values. or at least save what remains. This can only be achieved through management that obeys the sustainable principle and instruments of planning and urban planning concerned with such problems.