MICROCLIMAT, FORMES URBAINES ET OPPORTUNITES D’ADAPTATION BIOCLIMATIQUE DE L’ESPACE URBAIN SAHARIEN Cas de Biskra.

Abstract

The urban microclimate is an essential factor in the quality of public urban spaces ; it influenced by many morphological parameters. This research focuses on the impact of urban morphology parameters on the urban microclimate. We try to study the relationship between the morphological parameters and the thermal quality in four public places located in the city of Biskra, while trying to distinguish the conditions generating this thermal quality through a comparative study of the climatic parameters in each square. To study the bioclimatic adaptation in the four square, we selected two categories of parameters of the urban form. We study the geometry of the public space (indicated by the sky view factor "SVF" and the aspect ratio "H/W") which relates to the amount of radiation ; and land cover characteristics (density of plant space and surface albedo) that relate to radiated heat. In El Horia Square, we distinguish the minimum value of air temperature with a difference that reaches 2°C at noon compared to the other squares studied. We also adopt another comparative study, which carried out in order to verify the bioclimatic adaptation in the square El Horia, which presents the best climatic conditions among the other squares studied with the square of the ksar Ouargla that presents itself as a traditional entity adapted to the climate. We are also trying to find solutions that ensure the improvement of the urban microclimate in the El Horia square through simulation, while trying to overcome the problems observed by the use of cool paving stones throughout the space and the introduction of vegetation and water surfaces. We estimate that this initiative contributes to reducing the ambient temperature in El Horia Square during a typical summer day