القاضي عياض وعلاقته بالسلطة والرعية (م1149-1083 /ه 544 – ه 476)

Abstract

Cadi Ayyad was one of the wells of knowledge of his time, he was a distinguished scholar among his peers. He stood out for his vast knowledge and deep understanding. He was one of the scholars hired by the authorities to manage the affairs of the state. He also invested himself in teaching religion to the people, which is what enabled him to build an unwavering relationship with both the powers in place and the people. With regard to the authorities, he was held in very high esteem by those responsible for his erudition and status, which enabled him to play a leading role in political events during his lifetime. He lived under two dynasties that occupied a prominent role in the history of the Islamic Maghreb. The first dynasty was that of the Almoravids, who knew how to reconcile the authority of princes and the domination of scholars. To the point where it was nicknamed «the state of the scholars». Moreover, he witnessed the genesis of the second dynasty, the Almohads, and then its latter’s control over the entire Islamic Maghreb under the leadership of its Caliph Abdul Mu 'min Ibn Ali. During the First Dynasty, he was a loyal servant, while during the Second Dynasty he was devoted at first before the bonds became so loose that he was considered by the ruling powers as rebel, fomenting a coup against their rule. For the people, he was considered a scholar who played a great role in society, by virtue of his science, and his recognized commitment to many useful works for members of society, such as education, the judiciary, writing books, fatwa... This was the reason why he had maintained cordial relations with them, which earned him recognition and made him a leader in his country, and a leading figure in the relationship between power and people in his time.