Forme urbaine, confort et efficacité énergétique du cadre bâti. Cas de la ville de Ouargla

Abstract

Energy demand in urban areas is increasing due to rapid population growth, Saharan cities are no exception, where urban development is accelerating, leading to an increase in energy consumption. In hot and arid climates, energy demand increases further. In order to assess the energy efficiency of housing in arid areas in Algeria, this study focuses on three types of neighborhoods in Ouargla with different urban densities. A field survey was conducted using questionnaires to assess the quality of outdoor thermal comfort in the streets and its influence on the interior of buildings, as well as on energy consumption in Ouargla. The aim is to design a sustainable and energy-efficient urban environment. Urban form is considered as the key parameter that most influences the energy efficiency of buildings in a hot and arid climate. This study aims to assess the impact of urban form on the energy consumption of buildings. The selected neighborhoods were simulated using DesignBuilder software using climate data specific to the city of Ouargla. Different parameters were studied at both urban and architectural scales. Urban characteristics, urban form expressed by the H/W ratio and orientation, also the style of the dwelling; construction materials, U-value and wall thickness as architectural features. This study focused on the summer season and revealed that in addition to the building envelope; urban form has a significant impact on energy consumption, the more compact and denser the form is the month is the energy consumption.