Modélisation géostatistique de la salinité des eaux souterraines : cas de la nappe des sables de Biskra

Abstract

The hydrogeologic modeling (rebuilding the fields of the flows and the fields of concentration) must be made from the data and the basic information collected. The limited networks of measurement, the frequent gaps in the statistical series have a negative effect to the prediction of different hydraulic parameters using such mathematical models. The development of geostatistic in sciences of the water allowed regionalizing spatial and temporal variables. These techniques allow the hydrogeologist to have supplementary tools in the identification and the characterization of aquifers. It is obvious that the identification and the determination of the operating process of the aquiferous systems lead to understand the transfer mechanisms of aqueous solution and the degree of aquifer contamination. According to the piezometric charts and salt concentration, there is a good agreement either in the direction of flow and displacement of aqueous solution, or in the gradient of the hydraulic head and concentration. This aquifer often presents zones whose salt concentrations are situated in norm limit. We notice there is existence of salt water pockets constituting of the hearts of contamination in case of modification of hydrodynamic balances.