أوضاع مكة المكرمة نهاية العهد العثماني1876-1924

Abstract

The aim of this study is to shed light on the conditions in Mecca from the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II in 1876 to the end of the rule of Sharif Hussein Ali in 1924. The study focuses on the political, economic, cultural, and social aspects, taking into consideration the significance of Mecca due to the presence of the Kaaba, the holiest site in Islam. Moreover, Mecca is considered the center of the Islamic world and the cradle of its culture, attracting hundreds of thousands of Muslims from diverse backgrounds and races who converge there to perform the fifth pillar of Islam, the Hajj pilgrimage. Although this period witnessed only wars and conflicts on the political front, it is important not to overlook the reforms implemented by Sultan Abdul Hamid II, which had beneficial effects on the Hijaz region in general and Mecca in particular. Hence, it can be said that the Ottomans had a noticeable impact on the lives of the people of Mecca in various aspects of life.